Breazy Science
Venturi effect
Breazy utilizes the naturally present Venturi effect in the nostrils to deliver medication as required, based on the level of nasal congestion. Breathing at night through a congested nose actually makes the velocity and turbulence of the air increase. This is a physics principle called the Bernoulli principle. The Venturi effect (Giovanni Battista Venturi, 1797) is a direct consequence of the Bernoulli principle. It describes the effect by which a constriction to fluid or airflow through a tube causes the velocity of the fluid or air to increase and therefore the pressure to decrease. This enables fluid or air from another compartment, such as the Breazy medication capsule or the maxillary sinuses surrounding the nose, to be sucked in.
The Venturi effect has been considered a modulator of nose and sinus airflow. The Venturi effect acts in such a way that a nonturbulent flow can be maintained even for deep breaths. A correct respiration act occurs by inhaling air from the nose. When air passes through the nasal cavity (N), ventilation of the paranasal sinuses is made possible by the Venturi effect.
The flow of air particles coming from the maxillary sinus is thus induced by the Venturi effect. In fact, when air passes through the nasal cavity at velocity V1, it locally reduces the pressure because of Bernoulli’s equation by the following quantity, where ρ is the local air density value.
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In order to give an estimate of the pressure gradient Δp, we take a peak velocity V1 and air density ρ equal to 10.0 m/s and 1.2 kg/m3, respectively. In this way, the value of Δp is about 0.6 mbar.
NO CONGESTION
No medication release. When the nose is not congested, the Breazy nasal insert does not release medication, because the Venturi effect is insufficient to pull it from the medication capsule.
A
DECONGESTION
Xylometazoline or Oxymetazoline, depending on the chosen capsule, works to decongest the wearer's nose by constricting
(narrowing) the blood vessels.
C
CONGESTION
Nasal congestion increases the airflow velocity, generating an area of low pressure, thus pulling the medication from the capsule using the Venturi effect.
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B
BREATHING
IS EASY AGAIN
When decongestion has been successful and the wearer is able to breathe easily again, the release of medication stops to prevent addiction and
overdose.
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D
Proven medical uses of the nasal venturi effect
The existence of the Venturi effect in the nasal cavity allows doctors to perform multiple medical operations, such as the aspiration–irrigation maneuver (AIM). It is used to clear the maxillary sinuses to perform a lab analysis of their contents for diagnostic purposes.
The nasal passages are cleaned with a cotton-tipped swab stick and peroxide and prepared with a vasoconstrictive agent to constrict the flow of fluid or air through the nostrils, thus maximizing the Venturi effect. Saline is introduced to one side of the nose with a bulb syringe and aspirated from the opposite side by the aspiration–irrigation apparatus. As the patient repeatedly says the letter “K” throughout the procedure to close the velopharynx, the water dribbles down the afferent side of the nasopharynx, and the vacuum from the apparatus “pulls” the saline more rapidly along the efferent side of the nose, thereby creating a Venturi effect as it passes by the ostium.
Breazy and the Venturi effect
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Breathing at night through a congested nose actually makes the velocity and turbulence of the air increase. This is a physics principle called the Bernoulli principle that is the root cause of the Venturi effect described above.
We exploit the naturally present Venturi effect in the nostrils to deliver the decongestant medication as required for a good night’s sleep.
Medication release
To prevent rebound congestion, both xylometazoline and oxymetazoline (two most popular nasal decongestants) are released on an as-needed basis and in the proper dosage throughout the night by the Breazy nasal inserts. This is achieved by using the Venturi effect to deliver the medication directly inside the nostril only when congestion worsens.
This makes Breazy’s delivery mechanism more effective than regular sprays because it automatically administers the correct dose based on the constriction inside the patient’s nose at that exact moment in time.
To eliminate the potential for irritation and make the nostril insert more comfortable for the wearer, Breazy is manufactured using a polymer that incorporates cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs). As has been determined by multiple trials and scientific studies, CNF is a modern nanotextile that has a 0.0 primary irritation index (PII). This means that it will not irritate the sensitive membranes inside each nostril. Additionally, CNF has been proven to have antimicrobial activity, which is also beneficial when it comes to dealing with sinus infections.
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Biomedical applications of CNF include drug delivery, scaffold fabrication, biosensing and diagnostic purposes, antimicrobial wound dressing, medical implants and vascular grafts.
Due to its significant impact on industries, such as flexible electronics and displays, textiles, sensors, laminates, pharmaceutical coatings, food, and actuators, cellulose has attracted a lot of attention in recent years.
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Chemically, cellulose fibers are made up of a linear chain of hundreds to thousands of D-glucose molecules. They are regarded as crucial components of the walls of the cells of green plants and various species of algae. The cellulose microfibrils that make up the walls of plant cells have a crystalline structure, with a width of about 93 nm, and contain 20 to 40 fully extended cellulose chains. These microfibrils behave like reinforced steel in the walls' fabric and are surrounded by polysaccharides like hydrophobic noncrystalline lignin and hemicellulose, both of which have nanocrystalline structures.
Therefore, it should be considered that cellulose-based nanostructures, such as cellulose nanofibers, are originally biomolecules and are widely distributed on Earth in addition to being naturally synthesized in greater quantities through the process of natural photosynthesis.
Our coating is made to be hydrophobic by using a process in which cellulose is dissolved in Betulin. Betulin and betulinic acid are naturally occurring in birch bark and have many interesting pharmacological properties. They can be used for skin and hair care and are a valuable raw material in cosmetics. Cosmetic preparations containing these substances are used in many skin conditions due to their broad spectrum of action:
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Defends the skin from free radicals and carcinogens (ionizing radiation and ultraviolet light) that hasten skin aging
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Strongly encourages the skin's synthesis of collagen and elastin
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Lessens skin lesions, edema, and the symptoms of extreme itching in cases of psoriasis, allergies, and atopic dermatitis
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Is a sebum secretion regulator, possesses anti-inflammatory qualities, and prevents the growth of the escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus bacteria that cause acne (staphylococcus aureus)
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Is used to treat common acne, rosacea, and steroidal acne as well as chronic eczema (eczema).
Even at very high concentrations, these substances have no toxic effects on the body and are completely safe.